使用Windows PowerShell安装可选功能
- 类别: 视窗
Microsoft Windows附带了一组所谓的可选功能,用户可以使用“打开或关闭Windows功能”控制面板小程序来启用或禁用这些功能。
这在大多数情况下效果很好,但要求您 打开控制面板 在操作系统上,除非您加载“功能”窗口 直接在“开始”中键入可选功能 。
尽管这在大多数时候足够了,但是管理员也可以使用PowerShell来管理Windows操作系统的可选功能。
以下指南概述了Windows 10的工作原理。请注意,这可能不适用于Windows 7的早期版本。
Windows PowerShell:安装可选功能
你需要一个 提升的PowerShell 用于以下命令。点击Windows键,键入powershell,按住Ctrl键和Shift键,然后点击Enter键以打开具有管理权限的PowerShell提示符。
列出所有可选功能及其状态
至少在您不熟悉该命令时,您可能要做的第一件事是显示可用功能的列表。
跑 get-windowsoptionalfeature -online 列出计算机系统上所有可用的功能名称及其状态。状态为启用或禁用。
注意:-online参数表示操作在当前设备上运行。
尽管通过功能名称识别某些功能非常容易,但并非所有功能都容易实现。
以下列表来自Windows 10 Pro版本1809
- FeatureName:Printing-PrintToPDFServices-Features
- FeatureName:Windows Defender默认定义
- FeatureName:打印-XPSServices-功能
- FeatureName:SearchEngine-Client-Package
- FeatureName:MSRDC基础结构
- FeatureName:TelnetClient
- FeatureName:TFTP
- FeatureName:TIFFIFilter
- FeatureName:WorkFolders-客户端
- FeatureName:LegacyComponents
- FeatureName:DirectPlay
- FeatureName:打印基础功能
- FeatureName:FaxServicesClientPackage
- FeatureName:印刷基础互联网印刷客户端
- FeatureName:打印基础LPDPrintService
- FeatureName:打印基础LPRPortMonitor
- FeatureName:SimpleTCP
- FeatureName:MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2Root
- FeatureName:MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2
- FeatureName:Windows标识基础
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-子系统-Linux
- FeatureName:Hypervisor平台
- FeatureName:VirtualMachinePlatform
- FeatureName:客户端ProjFS
- FeatureName:NetFx4-AdvSrvs
- FeatureName:NetFx4Extended-ASPNET45
- FeatureName:IIS-WebServerRole
- FeatureName:IIS-WebServer
- FeatureName:IIS-CommonHttpFeatures
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpErrors
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpRedirect
- FeatureName:IIS应用程序开发
- FeatureName:IIS-NetFxExtensibility
- FeatureName:IIS-NetFxExtensibility45
- FeatureName:IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpLogging
- FeatureName:IIS日志库
- FeatureName:IIS-RequestMonitor
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpTracing
- FeatureName:IIS安全性
- FeatureName:IIS-URLAuthorization
- FeatureName:IIS请求过滤
- FeatureName:IIS-IPSecurity
- FeatureName:IIS性能
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpCompressionDynamic
- FeatureName:IIS-WebServerManagementTools
- FeatureName:IIS管理脚本工具
- FeatureName:IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility
- FeatureName:IIS元数据库
- FeatureName:WAS-WindowsActivationService
- FeatureName:WAS-ProcessModel
- FeatureName:WAS-NetFxEnvironment
- FeatureName:WAS-ConfigurationAPI
- FeatureName:IIS-HostableWebCore
- FeatureName:IIS-StaticContent
- FeatureName:IIS-DefaultDocument
- FeatureName:IIS目录浏览
- FeatureName:IIS-WebDAV
- FeatureName:IIS-WebSockets
- FeatureName:IIS-ApplicationInit
- FeatureName:IIS-ASPNET
- FeatureName:IIS-ASPNET45
- FeatureName:IIS-ASP
- FeatureName:IIS-CGI
- FeatureName:IIS-ISAPIExtensions
- FeatureName:IIS-ISAPIFilter
- FeatureName:IIS-ServerSideIncludes
- FeatureName:IIS自定义日志记录
- FeatureName:IIS基本身份验证
- FeatureName:IIS-HttpCompressionStatic
- FeatureName:IIS管理控制台
- FeatureName:IIS管理服务
- FeatureName:IIS-WMI兼容性
- FeatureName:IIS-LegacyScripts
- FeatureName:IIS-LegacySnapIn
- FeatureName:IIS-FTPServer
- FeatureName:IIS-FTPSvc
- FeatureName:IIS-FTP扩展性
- FeatureName:WCF服务45
- FeatureName:WCF-HTTP-Activation45
- FeatureName:WCF-TCP-Activation45
- FeatureName:WCF-管道激活45
- FeatureName:WCF-MSMQ-Activation45
- FeatureName:WCF-TCP-PortSharing45
- FeatureName:MSMQ容器
- FeatureName:MSMQ服务器
- FeatureName:MSMQ触发
- FeatureName:MSMQ-ADIntegration
- FeatureName:MSMQ-HTTP
- FeatureName:MSMQ组播
- FeatureName:MSMQ-DCOMProxy
- FeatureName:WCF-HTTP-Activation
- FeatureName:WCF-NonHTTP-Activation
- FeatureName:IIS-CertProvider
- FeatureName:IIS-Windows身份验证
- FeatureName:IIS-DigestAuthentication
- FeatureName:IIS-ClientCertificateMappingAuthentication
- FeatureName:US-IISCertificateMappingAuthentication
- FeatureName:IIS-ODBCLogging
- FeatureName:NetFx3
- FeatureName:SMB1协议
- FeatureName:SMB1协议客户端
- FeatureName:SMB1协议服务器
- FeatureName:SMB1协议弃用
- FeatureName:MediaPlayback
- FeatureName:WindowsMediaPlayer
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OC-Package
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-US-OC-Package
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-Client-EmbeddedExp-Package
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-WCF-OC-Package
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-WCF-US-OC-Package
- FeatureName:Containers-DisposableClientVM
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Tools-All
- FeatureName:Microsoft-超-V-管理-PowerShell
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Hypervisor
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-服务
- FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Management-Clients
- FeatureName:HostGuardian
- FeatureName:客户端设备锁定
- FeatureName:客户端嵌入式ShellLauncher
- FeatureName:客户端嵌入式BootExp
- FeatureName:客户端嵌入式登录
- FeatureName:客户端键盘过滤器
- FeatureName:客户端-UnifiedWriteFilter
- FeatureName:数据中心桥接
- FeatureName:DirectoryServices-ADAM客户端
- FeatureName:Windows-Defender-ApplicationGuard
- FeatureName:ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly
- FeatureName:ClientForNFS基础结构
- FeatureName:NFS管理
- FeatureName:容器
- FeatureName:SmbDirect
- FeatureName:多点连接器
- FeatureName:MultiPoint连接器服务
- FeatureName:MultiPoint工具
- FeatureName:AppServerClient
- FeatureName:Internet浏览器可选amd64
显示有关功能的信息
您可以使用-featurename Example参数显示有关您感兴趣的功能的详细信息。
命令 get-windowsoptionalfeature -online -featurename NetFx 例如,图3显示这将在系统上安装.Net Framework 3.5。还提供了Internet链接,您可以单击该链接以在线查找其他信息。
启用或禁用可选功能
您可以使用PowerShell命令在Windows 10计算机上启用或禁用可选功能。
为此使用命令Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName和Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName。
给你两个例子来展示它是如何工作的:
- Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName'NetFx3'-All -此命令在运行该命令的计算机上安装Net Framework 3.5。
- Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName'NetFx3' -此命令再次禁用该功能。
-All参数告诉Windows也安装所有依赖项。因此,如果安装所选功能需要父功能,则也会安装它。注意:禁用不支持-All参数。

电源外壳
对于Windows
现在下载资源资源
- Microsoft Technet: 启用WindowsOptionalFeature
- Microsoft Technet: 禁用WindowsOptionalFeature
- Microsoft Technet: Get-WindowsOptionalFeature