使用Windows PowerShell安装可选功能

尝试消除问题的工具

Microsoft Windows附带了一组所谓的可选功能,用户可以使用“打开或关闭Windows功能”控制面板小程序来启用或禁用这些功能。

这在大多数情况下效果很好,但要求您 打开控制面板 在操作系统上,除非您加载“功能”窗口 直接在“开始”中键入可选功能

尽管这在大多数时候足够了,但是管理员也可以使用PowerShell来管理Windows操作系统的可选功能。

以下指南概述了Windows 10的工作原理。请注意,这可能不适用于Windows 7的早期版本。

Windows PowerShell:安装可选功能

你需要一个 提升的PowerShell 用于以下命令。点击Windows键,键入powershell,按住Ctrl键和Shift键,然后点击Enter键以打开具有管理权限的PowerShell提示符。

列出所有可选功能及其状态

powershell optional features

至少在您不熟悉该命令时,您可能要做的第一件事是显示可用功能的列表。

get-windowsoptionalfeature -online 列出计算机系统上所有可用的功能名称及其状态。状态为启用或禁用。

注意:-online参数表示操作在当前设备上运行。

尽管通过功能名称识别某些功能非常容易,但并非所有功能都容易实现。

以下列表来自Windows 10 Pro版本1809

  • FeatureName:Printing-PrintToPDFServices-Features
  • FeatureName:Windows Defender默认定义
  • FeatureName:打印-XPSServices-功能
  • FeatureName:SearchEngine-Client-Package
  • FeatureName:MSRDC基础结构
  • FeatureName:TelnetClient
  • FeatureName:TFTP
  • FeatureName:TIFFIFilter
  • FeatureName:WorkFolders-客户端
  • FeatureName:LegacyComponents
  • FeatureName:DirectPlay
  • FeatureName:打印基础功能
  • FeatureName:FaxServicesClientPackage
  • FeatureName:印刷基础互联网印刷客户端
  • FeatureName:打印基础LPDPrintService
  • FeatureName:打印基础LPRPortMonitor
  • FeatureName:SimpleTCP
  • FeatureName:MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2Root
  • FeatureName:MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2
  • FeatureName:Windows标识基础
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-子系统-Linux
  • FeatureName:Hypervisor平台
  • FeatureName:VirtualMachinePlatform
  • FeatureName:客户端ProjFS
  • FeatureName:NetFx4-AdvSrvs
  • FeatureName:NetFx4Extended-ASPNET45
  • FeatureName:IIS-WebServerRole
  • FeatureName:IIS-WebServer
  • FeatureName:IIS-CommonHttpFeatures
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpErrors
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpRedirect
  • FeatureName:IIS应用程序开发
  • FeatureName:IIS-NetFxExtensibility
  • FeatureName:IIS-NetFxExtensibility45
  • FeatureName:IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpLogging
  • FeatureName:IIS日志库
  • FeatureName:IIS-RequestMonitor
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpTracing
  • FeatureName:IIS安全性
  • FeatureName:IIS-URLAuthorization
  • FeatureName:IIS请求过滤
  • FeatureName:IIS-IPSecurity
  • FeatureName:IIS性能
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpCompressionDynamic
  • FeatureName:IIS-WebServerManagementTools
  • FeatureName:IIS管理脚本工具
  • FeatureName:IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility
  • FeatureName:IIS元数据库
  • FeatureName:WAS-WindowsActivationService
  • FeatureName:WAS-ProcessModel
  • FeatureName:WAS-NetFxEnvironment
  • FeatureName:WAS-ConfigurationAPI
  • FeatureName:IIS-HostableWebCore
  • FeatureName:IIS-StaticContent
  • FeatureName:IIS-DefaultDocument
  • FeatureName:IIS目录浏览
  • FeatureName:IIS-WebDAV
  • FeatureName:IIS-WebSockets
  • FeatureName:IIS-ApplicationInit
  • FeatureName:IIS-ASPNET
  • FeatureName:IIS-ASPNET45
  • FeatureName:IIS-ASP
  • FeatureName:IIS-CGI
  • FeatureName:IIS-ISAPIExtensions
  • FeatureName:IIS-ISAPIFilter
  • FeatureName:IIS-ServerSideIncludes
  • FeatureName:IIS自定义日志记录
  • FeatureName:IIS基本身份验证
  • FeatureName:IIS-HttpCompressionStatic
  • FeatureName:IIS管理控制台
  • FeatureName:IIS管理服务
  • FeatureName:IIS-WMI兼容性
  • FeatureName:IIS-LegacyScripts
  • FeatureName:IIS-LegacySnapIn
  • FeatureName:IIS-FTPServer
  • FeatureName:IIS-FTPSvc
  • FeatureName:IIS-FTP扩展性
  • FeatureName:WCF服务45
  • FeatureName:WCF-HTTP-Activation45
  • FeatureName:WCF-TCP-Activation45
  • FeatureName:WCF-管道激活45
  • FeatureName:WCF-MSMQ-Activation45
  • FeatureName:WCF-TCP-PortSharing45
  • FeatureName:MSMQ容器
  • FeatureName:MSMQ服务器
  • FeatureName:MSMQ触发
  • FeatureName:MSMQ-ADIntegration
  • FeatureName:MSMQ-HTTP
  • FeatureName:MSMQ组播
  • FeatureName:MSMQ-DCOMProxy
  • FeatureName:WCF-HTTP-Activation
  • FeatureName:WCF-NonHTTP-Activation
  • FeatureName:IIS-CertProvider
  • FeatureName:IIS-Windows身份验证
  • FeatureName:IIS-DigestAuthentication
  • FeatureName:IIS-ClientCertificateMappingAuthentication
  • FeatureName:US-IISCertificateMappingAuthentication
  • FeatureName:IIS-ODBCLogging
  • FeatureName:NetFx3
  • FeatureName:SMB1协议
  • FeatureName:SMB1协议客户端
  • FeatureName:SMB1协议服务器
  • FeatureName:SMB1协议弃用
  • FeatureName:MediaPlayback
  • FeatureName:WindowsMediaPlayer
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OC-Package
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-US-OC-Package
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-Client-EmbeddedExp-Package
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-WCF-OC-Package
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-WCF-US-OC-Package
  • FeatureName:Containers-DisposableClientVM
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Tools-All
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-超-V-管理-PowerShell
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Hypervisor
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-服务
  • FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V-Management-Clients
  • FeatureName:HostGuardian
  • FeatureName:客户端设备锁定
  • FeatureName:客户端嵌入式ShellLauncher
  • FeatureName:客户端嵌入式BootExp
  • FeatureName:客户端嵌入式登录
  • FeatureName:客户端键盘过滤器
  • FeatureName:客户端-UnifiedWriteFilter
  • FeatureName:数据中心桥接
  • FeatureName:DirectoryServices-ADAM客户端
  • FeatureName:Windows-Defender-ApplicationGuard
  • FeatureName:ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly
  • FeatureName:ClientForNFS基础结构
  • FeatureName:NFS管理
  • FeatureName:容器
  • FeatureName:SmbDirect
  • FeatureName:多点连接器
  • FeatureName:MultiPoint连接器服务
  • FeatureName:MultiPoint工具
  • FeatureName:AppServerClient
  • FeatureName:Internet浏览器可选amd64

显示有关功能的信息

powershell-display information about features

您可以使用-featurename Example参数显示有关您感兴趣的功能的详细信息。

命令 get-windowsoptionalfeature -online -featurename NetFx 例如,图3显示这将在系统上安装.Net Framework 3.5。还提供了Internet链接,您可以单击该链接以在线查找其他信息。

启用或禁用可选功能

您可以使用PowerShell命令在Windows 10计算机上启用或禁用可选功能。

为此使用命令Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName和Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName。

给你两个例子来展示它是如何工作的:

  • Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName'NetFx3'-All -此命令在运行该命令的计算机上安装Net Framework 3.5。
  • Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName'NetFx3' -此命令再次禁用该功能。

-All参数告诉Windows也安装所有依赖项。因此,如果安装所选功能需要父功能,则也会安装它。注意:禁用不支持-All参数。

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